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About Programming Languages

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Programming language translators are taken as best example of system software. The computer programming language is developed with the primary objectives and simplifies the large number of peoples to use computer without any need to know the details of internal structure of the computer.

Languages are matching with the type of operation to be performed by the algorithm for various applications. Languages are also to be designed for the machine independent process.

There are some of the popular high level language are taken. These are:

1. FORTRAN:
It stands for formula translation. It is the oldest high level language. The first version of this language was known as FORTRAN - II, and next popular version was FORTRAN -04. FORTRAN-77 was the most powerful than its predecessors. Recently this version has FORTRAN has known as FORTRAN-90, which is superseding of FORTRAN-77.

2. COBOL:
It stands for Common Business Oriented Language. Now a day's it is widely used to programming language for business data processing and outsourcing process.

3. Basic:
It stands for Beginners of All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It was developed for the users who are starting and their learning process of the computer and it can be learned quickly.

4. Pascal:
It was named after the French mathematician Pascal. It was designed and developed by Nicholas. The main objective behind of this language development has which allows beginners to learn good problem solving and programming methods.

5. 'C' Language:
'C' is the dominant high level language for building programs. For these types of application and it has been taken primary development language for personal computers and workstations. It is widely used by the independent software developers for building package applications. 'C' is having the highest degree of portability across the various hardware platforms.

History of 'C' Language:
'C' is one of the most popular programming languages; it was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories at USA in 1972. It is an upgraded version of two earlier languages, which were also developed at Bell laboratories.

Language Founder
1. Algol International Group
2. BCPL Martin Richards
3. B Ken Thompson
4. C Dennis Ritchie
5. K & RC Kernighan and Ritchie
6. ANSI C ANSI Committee
7. ANSI/ISO C ISO Committee

'C' is a Middle Level Language. And the low and high level languages are,

1. Low Level Language:
The low language is in terms of 0's and 1's (bits). 'C' language has the certain features of low language, which allows the programmer to carry out operations on bits that are normally available as an assembly or machine language.

2. High Level Language:
High level languages are easily understandable and have been designed to give a better program efficiency. These languages are machinery independent. Examples are FORTRAN, PASCAL, C, and C++... etc.

C stands among these two categories. It is a middle language. It means it performs the task of low language as well as high level language.

Features and Applications of C Language:
1. It is highly portable.
2. This is strong language whose rich set of building in functions and operators can be used to write any complex program.
3. 'C' has the ability to extend itself. We can continually add our own functions to the existing library functions.
4. This is well suited for writing system software as well as application software.
5. This program can be run by different operating system of the different computers with little or no alteration.

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